IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WI^ST  MAIN  STRPfif 

WEBSTER,  N.\.  ;    380 

(716)  872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 
Microfiche 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  c  anadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibiiographiques 


tot 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


n 


n 


n 


n 


0 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couvartura  da  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couvertura  endommagee 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couvertu'C  ra^taurie  et/ou  pellicul4e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□    Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 

□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bieua  ou  noire) 

□    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

□    Bourn 
Reli« 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
avec  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  ur  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajou^Aes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  la  texte, 
mais,  torsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6ti  film^es. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  eti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-^tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculies 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  ddcolor^es,  tachet^es  ou  piquees 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachees 

Showthroughy 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

idition  available/ 
Edition  disponible 


r~l  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I      I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

r~~|  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

□  Only  edition  available/ 
Seule 


Thi 
poi 
ofl 
filn 


Orii 
bee 
th« 
sioi 
oth 
firs 
•ioi 
ori 


aha 
TIN 
whj 

Mai 
diff 
enti 
beg 
righ 
reqi 
met 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure, 
etc.,  cnt  6x6  film^es  A  nouveau  de  facon  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplementaires; 


This  copy  is  a  photoreproduction. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ca  document  est  film^  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 

lOX  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


SOX 


J 


12X 


16X 


aox 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  hae  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  oi.': 

University  of  Victoria 
McPherson  Library 


L'exemplaire  filmi  fut  reproduit  grdce  it  la 
gAn^rosit^  de: 

University  of  Victoria 
IVIcPherson  Library 


Thi  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Las  images  suivantes  ont  iti  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet*  de  l'exemplaire  filmi,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  ar9  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illuatratad  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  fiimis  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  ptat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  ie  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  on  commenqant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  (meening  ".CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  dee  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — «^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  7  signifie  "FIN". 


IMaps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmAs  d  des  taux  de  rMuction  diffdrints. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Stre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichi,  il  est  filmA  d  partir 
de  i'angle  supirieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droits, 
et  de  haut  en  baa,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  ia  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

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CARIBOO  GOLD  MINES 


or 


BRITISH   COLUMBIA. 


BY 


JULES    H.    FERY,    C.   L.   C. 


WITH  NOTES,  OBSKRVATIOKS,   DIRECTIONS,  AND  INFOR- 
MATION, GATHERED  FROM   OFFICIAL  AND 
OTHER  AUTHENTIC   SOURCES. 


BT 


g:  j.  wight. 


COUNSELOn  AT  1-AW. 


PUBLISHED  BY  F.  TRUETTE  &  Co. 

Ko.  529  Clat  Stueet,  couxEn  Leidesdorff  and  ClaY« 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 


''**"*'WWMBRWKR««SIBUf»a»«--'  >  !l9St^VnSetlit^!VXtfSim 


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Entert'Q  m.-corclinfir  to  Act  of  ContTCHB,  in  tbo  year  18GI, 
BY  F.  TRUiJTTE  &  CO. 

In  Ibe  Clerk's  Office  of  the  U.  R.  DiMrli  t  Court  for  the  Northern  Dlitritt 

of  the  State  of  Ciiliforuin. 


» 


'W 


1*^ 


■•■i.i'.'iiM?* 


— ^»»o»>w»~ 


I. 

District 


Bancroft  Librcr>' 

THE  CARIBOO  MINES: 


BRITISH  C0LU3IBIA. 


At  tlie  tirae  of  llie  first  Frazer  ""^iver  msli  from 
San  Francisco  in  1S5S,  owing  to  tlie  discovery  of  a 
large  auriferous  country  in  British  Columbia,  men 
who  had  undergone  all  classes  of  hardships  in  pur- 
suit of  gold  in  this  countiy,  were  surprised,  when  at 
Victoria,  they  were  a^J'nroff'irom  the  mines  as  when 
they  left  San  Francisco — and  this  occasioned  simply 
by  their  want  of  infonaation  of  how  to  go  from  place 
to  place  when  tlu*r«.« — or  the  means  oi*  living  in  a 
strange  countiy ^-or  any  knowledge  whatever  of  thd 
climate — apd  many  a  stout  heart  who  went  Avith  th^ 
motto   "  aut  aunim  ant  /'.v//v.«,"  came  back  with  aft 


V»- 


■)~, 


^•V  ,     '   -v.,  ,; 


.'It- .  :•:/.■ 


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w'tf    ■*  *'  ■■  -  - 

!r»i       •■'  ■•.. 


«9i^*«maiiPPSi>! 


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Mdua»ai»Mh< 


malimtmi^^mtmlm 


tlie  latter  part  of  it ;   wliicli   he   attributed  to  the 
country  instead  of  his  irant  of  forethought. 

"With  every  advantage  and  inducement  offered  by 
the  British  Government  to  the  miner,  backed  by  a 
free  port  at  Victoria — where  goods  are  cheaper  than 
any  other  place  on  the  Pacific  coast — with  an  Act  of 
the  Legislature  so  framed  as  to  allolv  aluds  to  hold 
land  the  same  as  British  subjects,  casting  upon  them 
no  other  duty  than  that  of  ordinary  and  peaceful 
behavioiu"  whilst  sojourning  on  British  soil,  the  tide 
set  against  the  mines  of  British  Columbia,  and  a 
stampede  took  place,  leaving  a  very  few,  Avho  had 
some  faith  to  remain  to  test  Avhether  the  mines  were 
true  or  false. 

Time  progressed,  roads  were  made — steamboats 
placed  by  American  enterprise  on  the  hikes — gold  ex- 
tracted in  large  quantities,  and  regularly  remitted  to 
San  Francisco ;  until  at  last  some  fortunate  hardy  ex- 
plorers discovered  the  new  gold  mines  in  that  part  of 
the  coimtry  called  by  the  Indians  "Cariboo",* 
— and  to  which  country  unquestionably  in  the  spring 
a  large  number  of  miners  will  go. 

And  it  is  with  a  view  to  aid  and  assist  those  who 
may  feel  inclined  to  visit  that  auriferous  country,  the 
Publisher  has  been  induced  to  give  them  the  best 
OiHcial  and  other  reliable  iufonnation,  of  how  to  get 
there,  and  the  mode  of  life  they  will  have  to  adopt 
when  there. 

•  Th«  Carlhoo  \%  a  ?p'-fi»-f  of  rein«lifr.  nod  fonnd  in  «1ia«  xnrtion  of  Ibc 
conntry. 


< 


^itaMMiail'v^MMMpr^**! 


"J  to  the 

t.    .^ 

offered  by 
eked  by  a 
nper  than 
««n  Act  of 
ffs  to  hold 
pon  them 
peaceful 
the  tide 
ia,  and   a 
who  had 
nes  Were 

enmboats 
-gold  ex- 
initted  to 
lardy  ex- 
t  part  of 
BOO  " ,  ♦ 

e  spring 

ose  who 
»try,  the 
the  beet 
v^  to  get 
>  adopt 


if^n  of  tbo 


i 


R.  O  XJ  T  E. 


Presuming  the  Miner  or  Geologist  has  determined 
on  2)roceeding  to  the  Cariboo  Mines,  from  San  Fran- 
cisco, early  in  the  mouth  of  May  1SG2,  the  ch€aj>e*t 
and  most  practicable 

* 

ROUTE  is  via  Pokt  Douglas, 


TIME. 


7  to  10  days 


1 

2 

1 


(( 


u 


H" 


it 


ROUTE. 


25  dollars. 
5       " 


8 


i( 


II 


From  San  Francisco  to  Victoria,  V.I. 

by  steamer:  Cabin  $50,  Steerage 

Victoria  to  New  Westminster,  stemr. 

New  Westminster  to  Port  Douglas, 

by  steamer 

Port  Douglas  to  Pemberton   Lake, 

29}  miles  by  stage 

'  Cross  Pemberton  Lake,  C  miles  in 

boat 

Portage,  on  loot,  1^  miles  to  Lil- 
laoot  Lake, 
Cross  Lillouet  Lake,  in  steamer.... 
Portage  on  a  new  stage  road  to 

Lake  Anderson,  27  miles 

Cross  Lake  Anderson,  18  miles  in 

steamboat 

PortagelJ  miles, 
Cross  Lake  Seaton,  17  miles  in  stm- 

boat ■,..... 

Portage  3.}  miles  on  good  road 
to  village  of  Lillouet 

Cross  the  river 

^  From  there  to  Cayoosh  Flat. 

Let  the  reader  now  see  what  he  has  to  do  from  the 
real  starting  point  above,  viz  :  Port  Douglas  to  Keith- 


PRICB. 


50ct8. 


1  dollar. 


II 


II 


II 


25cts. 


's 


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ley's  Creek ;  for  his  way  is  perfectly  pimple  up  to 
that  point — the  journey  being  by  steam,  Avith  only  a 
few  stojipings  in  transit :  let  him  bo  clothed  in  Avhat- 
ever  dress  he  pleases,  huf  it  nnist  be  of  great  warmth ; 
his  food  all  along  the  route  to  Cayoosh  Flat,  will  be 
of  the  best  description  and  at  moderate  prices. 

From  Port  Douglas  there  is  a  good  road,  50  feet 
wide,  to  Pemberton  Lake  for  either  foot  or  stage  pas- 
sages, and  places  of  refreshment  are  at  convenient 
distances. 

Crossing  Pemberton  Lake  on  sail  or  row  boats, 
then  portage  on  a  good  road  to  Lillouet  Lake,  which 
is  crossed  on  a  steamer  to  the  opposite  village,  where, 
if  you  wish  to  camp  out,  procure  provisions,  or  pro- 
ceed in  a  stage  direct :  there  is  a  Half  Way  House  at 
the  13i  miles,  with  good  accommodation. 

Haviug  proceeded  you  arrive  at  Lake  Anderson, 
cross  in  a  steamer,  walk  1 J  miles  on  a  good  road, 
cross  Lake  Seaton  in  a  steamer,  another  Avalk  of  3i 
miles  to  the  village  of  Lillouet,  when  crossing  the 
river  brings  you  to  Cayosh  Flat. 

At  this  place,  no  matter  how  the  miner  may  come, 
is  the  real  starting  jioint  for  the  Cariboo  Minks. 
and  licrc  end  any  prucUcalAc  roads. 

There  is  another  route,  to  this  point,  from  Fort 
Yale,  wliich  will  be  explained  hereafter. 

From  Cayosh  Flat  you  proceed,  according  to  the 
following  route,  as  near  as  poi^sible,  197  miles  : — 

To  The  Fountain  8  miles, 

To  The  Paivillion 12     " 


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JM 


a?,ia  Mi  J 


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imj)le  up  to 
,  Avitb  only  a 
)i'(l  in  Avliat- 
oat  warmth; 
Plat,  Mill  be 
rices. 

road,  50  feet 
or  stage  pas- 
convenient 

row  boats, 

rake,  which 

Inge,  M'here, 

ions,  or  pro- 

ly  House  at 

e  Anderson, 

good  road, 

walk  of  3i 

rossiiig  the 

in  ay  come, 
50  Minks. 

from  Fort 

ling  to  the 
iles  ; — 

J  miles, 
>     it 


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i 
i 


7 

To  Leon's  Ilouse 16  " 

To  BigCreek 20  " 

To  Canoe  Creek 20  " 

To  Log  Creek 10  " 

To  Alcali  Lake 16  " 

To  Lake  AVillianis  (Davis'  Ranch) 28  " 

From  the  Lake  to  the  Ranch 3  " 

From  Davis's  to  Deep  Creek, 10  " 

To  Round  Tent 12  " 

To  Beaver  Lake 17  " 

To  Small  Lake  18  " 

To  the  Forks  of  the  Quesnelle  *t  " 

This  route,  until  you  reach  Alcali  Lake,  follows 
the  banks  of  the  Frazer  River  ;  hut  from  this  point 
to  the  Forks  of  the  Quosnelle  river,  you  frequently 
loose  sight  of  them.  The  stations  above  inentioned 
are  the  only  ones  where  pro cisions  arc  to  he  had. 

The  trail  is  often  very  had,  especially  from  Wil- 
liams Lake,  and  if  travelled  with  packed  animals  and 
provisions,  you  are  obliged  to  proceed  slowly,  hav- 
ing to  stop  where  there  is  pasture  for  the  animals  ; 
but  on  foot,  it  can  be  travelled  over  easily  in  8  or  9 
days  from  Lillouet. 

At  the  forks  of  the  Quesnelle  can  bo  bought  any 
thing  wanted  at  the  village  of  that  name. 

Leaving  this  point  and  ascending  8  miles  the  North 
I'^ork,  is  a  bridge  which  crosses  it;  thence  16  miles 
higher  up  you  reach  the  village  at  the  mouth  of 
Keithleys  Creek,  Avherc  are  the  first  .mining  claims 

OF  THE  CARIBOO  DISTRICT. 

From  here  there  is  a  difScult  trail  until  you  reach 


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8 

Snow  Shoes,  n  high  liill  distnnt  12  miles— cither  hy 
the  hill  or  ^.1^^nc — the  first  is  prefcjrnble  :  hence,  12 
miles,  is  reached  Antler  Creek  :  this  is  the  center  of 
the  paths  that  lead  to  tho  following  creeks  and 
ravines : — 

From  A.vTLEa  Crbek  Camp 

To  Williams  Creek,  by  Grouse  Creek  (G  and  6) 12  miles 

To  Lake  Ilouse,  on  Bald  Mountain 10  " 

To  Lightning  Canion,  at  the  foot 19  *♦ 

To  Van  Winkle  Gulcb 23  " 

To  Last  Chance  Gulch 27  " 

"  by  Lightning 31  " 

To  head  of  Jack  Club  Creek 10  " 

To  Burn's  Creek,  by  Jack  Club 19  " 

To  Nelson's  Creek,  by  Jack  Club 24  " 

To  Willows  Creek,  by  Nelson's 28  " 

As  to  the  route  by  Fort  Yale  it  is  difBcnlt,  and 
often  dangerous,  though  the  government  intend  to 
build  a  wagon  road  that  way.  It  also  brings  you 
by  the  Forks  of  the  Thompson  to  Cayosh  Flat,  or 
by  the  route  along  the  banks  of  the  Bonaparte  river, 
generally  called  the  Brigade  Route. 

A  great  many ^;</(Z;cr«,  leaving  Cayosh  Flat,  follov 
the  trail  along  the  river,  imtil  2  miles  above  the  Pa- 
villion  and  then  take  a  wide  road  which  meets  the 
Brigade  route,  which  also  ends  Anth  the  river  trail  at 
William's  Lake. 

This  last  route,  on  leaving  Lillouet  or  Cayosh,  is 
to  be  jireferred,  if  with  animals  ;  as  by  the  river,  it  is 
difficult  for  them  to  pass. 


«, 


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\ 

i 


i 


riaain^ni 


'S  ..--ISBWHMK/*"'"-'*  '* 


Mw« 


I 


▼^ 


—cither  by 
hence,  12 
le  center  of 
:reek8  and 


..12  miles 

...10  " 

..19  '« 

|. 23  " 

..27  " 
..31  " 
..10  « 
19  « 

..  .24  " 

....28  « 

fficult,  and 
intend  to 
rings  you 
h  Flat,  or 
arte  river, 

lat,  follov 
^e  the  Pa- 
meets  the 
er  trail  at 

Jayosh,  is 
iver,  it  is 


ft 
ft 

•r 
t 

1 


•J 


Up  to  the  Forks  of  the  Quesnollo,  goods  tiro 
packed  on  mules,  and  .above  there  on  horses.  The 
reason  being,  that  inule-s'  hoofs  anj  too  small  for  tho 
marshes  and  soft  lauds  which  exist  in  all  the  district 
of  Cariboo. 


LOCATION    OF   THE    MINES. 


The  CARIBOO  MIXES  are  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Fort  Georf^e  and  the  upper  part  of  the  Frazer 
Kiv<;r — on  the  south,  by  the  QuesucUe  River — on 
the  enst,  by  a  spur  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  a 
N.AV.  direction — nnd  on  the  west  by  Frazer  River, 
until  it  reaches  Fort  George.  Uaving  an  area  of 
about  40  to  45  square  miles. 

BALD   MOUNTAIN 

In  the  centre  of  tliis  Mountain  District  is  a  clsuter 
of  high  mountains,  the  cuhninntiug  point  dividing 
the  waters  of  tlie  ♦'  Keithley  "  on  the  south  and  Ant- 
tler  Creek  on  the  north,  .lud  is  called  "  Bald  !Mount- 
ain  ;  "  the  highest  point  being  named  "  Snow  Shoes." 

KEITHLEV'S  CREEK. 

Is  to  the  south  of  Bald  Mountain,  and  after  a  great 
bend  running  west  and  south  and  finally  east,  empties 
itself  into  one  of  the  lakes  forming  one  of  the  sources 


'■.'..',*" 


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10 

of  the  nortV  "branch  of  the  Quesnelle  :  hns  proved 
vcri/  rich  in  many  jilava^y  especially  in  the  centre  and 
downwards.  The  season  of  1860  was  prosperous, 
but  o"\vin<;j  to  the  sudden  rise  of  water  caused  by  the 
heavy  summer  rains,  in  1861  nearly  all  the  mining 
niachiui'ry  was  carri«Ml  away  at  various  times,  thus 
causing  extra  labor  and  expense  pr«'paratory  to  re- 
working.    The  gold  on  this  Creek  is  very  coarse. 

CUNMNGHAM    CREEK. 

From  the  eastern  part  of  Bald  ^fountain  run  sev- 
eral small  streams  formed  by  melting  snows,  of  which 
Cunningham  Creek — enclosed  by  high  hills — des- 
cribes nearly  a  circle  in  its  course.  This  Creek  has 
paid  well. 

HARVEY   CREEK. 

Starts  from  the  same  point  as  Cunningham  Creek, 
and  both  empty  themselves  into  the  lakes  of  the 
north  branch  of  the  Quesnelle. 

At  tlie  E.N.E.  point  from  the  summit  of  Snow 
Shoes  are  found  several  small  streams  slightly  pro- 
spected, which  flow  into  the  loMer  part  of  Antler 
Creek. 

ANTLER  CREEK. 

Takes  its  source  by  several  streams  and  in  differ- 
ent directions  in  the  S.S.W.  and  AV.  of  Bald  ^lount- 
ain.  At  the  commencement  of  1861  it  ac<|uired  great 
celebrity  for  its  richness.  The  portion  yielding  at 
present  the  greatest  quantity  of  gold,  is  from  the 
forks  down  to  two  or  three  miles  below  the  village  of 


■'■i.'i^miwwTiKa- 


iT-r. 


:  hns  proved 
tlie  centre  and 
as  prosjierous, 
caused  by  tlie 
ill  the  mininir 
lis  times,  thus 
aratory  to  re- 
ery  coarse. 


ntain  run  sev- 
10 ws,  of  which 
h  hills — des- 
liis  Greek  has 


iigham  Creek, 
lakes  of  the 

111  it  of  Snow 

slightly  |,ro- 

irt  of  Antler 


and  in  differ- 
Bnld  Monnt- 
c*|iiired  <^reat 
111  yielding;:  at 
,  is  from  the 
fhe  village  of 


11 

Anther.  ^lany  claims  have  paid  well  on  this  bank, 
hut  the  gold  is  not  equall}'-  dispersed,  being  general- 
ly found  in  "  spots."  There  is  jdenty  of  room  for 
prospecting  on  this  Creek  which  is  18  miles  long. 
On  many  trihutaries  of  this  Creek  gold  is  found,  but 
not  sufficiently  remunerative  considering  the  higb 
prices  of  provisions,  the  shortness  of  the  season,  and 
other  rich  places  which  are  continually  discovered. 

GROUSE   CREEK 

Takes  its  rise  opposite  to  the  extreme  left  branch  of 
Antler  Creek,  and  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  and  N.E.  direc- 
tion, and  is  surrounded  by  very  steep  gravel  hills ; 
the  gravel  in  the  bed  of  the  Creek  is  from  eight  to 
twenty  feet  deep.  The  gold  is  here  also  found  in 
"  spots."  Several  companies  are  satisfied,  the  claims 
oil  the  Creek  paying  from  825  to  $30  dollars  to  the 
man.  But  the  Creek  has  been  but  little  prospecteed, 
the  climate  being  very  severe,  OM'ing  to  the  fact  that 
the  creek  is  hemmed  in  by  high  mountains. 

WILLIAMS*  CREEK. 

Towards  the  west  of  Grouse  Creek,  and  separated 
by  a  high  ridge  of  hills  starting  from  the  B.-ild  ]Moun- 
tain,  is  AVilliams'  Creek,  the  richest,  as  far  as  at  pre- 
sent kiiOAvn,  in  this  District,  and  is  worked  for  a 
length  of  four  or  five  miles  ;  but  the  companies  above 
and  below  the  r^'uter  are  only  prospecting.  Five  or 
six  companies  hi  the  center,  such  as  Abbott  &-  Co., 
and  Ste<'le  «fc  Co.,  and  others,  have  taken  out  largb 
f|uaiitities  of  gold  ;  but   those  claims,  being  in  the 


.'  /•> 


; 


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12 

narrow  and  eliallow  part  of  the  Creek,  are  worked  at 
less  expense  than  tLose  above  and  below,  on  which 
wheels  and  pumps  are  necessary,  caused  by  the  water 
sinking  through  the  ground.  One  of  the  peculiari- 
ties of  this  Creek  is  that  by  its  right  side  as  it  i-uns 
down,  tunnels  were  opened  when  it  was  discoverd 
that  the  bed  of  the  old  Creek  liad  originally  passed 
under  where  the  hill  now  stands,  the  same  being 
twenty  to  thirty  feet  below  the  present  channel,  with 
a  paying  gravel  perfectly  similar  to  the  bed  of  the 
present  Creek  now  being  worked.  This  discovery 
having  been  made  at  the  end  of  the  season  of  1861, 
has  induced  a  great  number  of  miners  to  mark  or 
stake  oflf  all  the  side  hill,  100  feet  square,  for  the 
distance  of  three  miles,  which  claims  will  be  opened 
during  the  winter  by  tunnels,  by  partie  interested 
in  them. 

JACK   CLUB   CREEK. 

More  to  west  of  AVilliams  Creek  and  from  the 
steep  side  of  Bald  Mountain,  separated  by  a  high 
crest  of  mountains  running  N.E.  and  X.N.E.  from 
the  Lake  House  is  this  Creek,  having  jdenty  of 
water,  and  being  only  a  short  distance  from  "Williams 
Creek.  The  appearances  being  the  same,  there  can 
be  no  doubt  that  the  bed  of  this  Creek  is  not  the 
original  one,  but  that  it  stands  in  the  same  relative 
position  as  to  the  old  one  does  to  the  new  in  Williams 
Creek.  Quartz  is  here  found  in  large  quantities,  a 
great  number  of  prospects  have  been  made,  the  re- 
sults of  which  are  unknown. 


". 


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r,  on  Avhich 
Y  the  Mater 
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s  discoverd 
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13 

BURNS*   RAVINE. 

From  the  middle  of  the  ridge  forming  the  west 
limits  of  Jack  Chib  Creek,  start  a  spur  of  mountiine 
running  W.N.W.,  and  from  the  southern  part  of 
which  this  Ravine  takes  its  source.  It  is  5  miles 
from  Jack  Club.  Claims  have  paid  here  remunerat- 
ing prices  to  the  owners. 

XELSON*S   CREER 

Is  situated  5  miles  further  to  the  W.,  running  S.  to 
N.  All  the  narrow  and  shallow  places  are  mostly 
worked  out  and  have  given  fine  results.  There  only 
remain  the  deep  and  broad  places  which  offer  diffi- 
culties of  working;  water  and  clay  mixed  with 
gravel  and  boulders,  forming  the  bottom  of  this 
C.eek  but  containing  fine  gold.  If  on  further  pro- 
specting a  layer  of  blue  gravel  should  be  found  un- 
der it,  large  results  may  be  expected. 

SMALL   STREAMS. 

Following  to  the  W.N.W.  the  same  chain  of  Moun- 
tains, from  where  Nelson  Creek  starts,  are  four  or 
five  small  streams  running  parallel  with  it  and  all 
run  from  south  to  north.  These  have  no  names,  nor 
have  they  yet  been  prospected,  owing  to  the  want  of 
trails  and  the  difficulty  of  transporting  provisions, 
which  can  there  be  only  obtained  from  itinerant  ven- 
ders, Avho  are  continually  moving. 

LIGHTNING    CREEK. 

From  X.F..  and  towards  the  X.  of  Bald  Mountain 


*it*T?V 


1^";^^ 


SV^  ■••■ 


Vi  ■"■•'; 


'msm»i«m»,,>:iM^^rr:r:^  ^-^_ 


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VI 


14 

is  the  South-east  Lraucli  of  Lightning  Creek,  tho 
other  hraneh  of  tlic  creek,  distant  eight  or  nine  miles, 
coming  from  the  east  anil  joining  the  former,  and 
after  their  junction  pa?s  into  a  Canon  half  a,  mile 
long,  and  from  thence  follow  a  W.X.W.  direction. 
It  is  a  small  river,  3G  to  40  mih'S  long,  when  it  ter- 
minates abruptly  to  the  S.W.  and  empties  itself  into 
Swift  Kiver.  This  Creek,  in  the  latter  part  of  Au- 
gust, ISGl,  was  only  worked  where  the  Canon  was, 
and  that  by  six  companies,  who  obtained  from  nine 
to  fourteen  ounces  per  man  per  day  ;  but  these  claims 
are  nearly  worked  out,  the  bed-rock  being  mostly 
naked.  In  five  or  six  places  below  the  Canon  the 
stream  was  turned,  pro>j>ects  were  made  and  aban- 
doned ;  but  since  the  2/5th  of  September  many  of 
these  claims  have  been  re-taken,  and  will  be  worked 
during  the  coming  season  of  1S62.  A  great  many 
claims  have  been  taken  up  below  the  Canon  to  the 
extent  of  12  miles. 

VAX   WIXKLE. 

At  six  miles  below  the  Canon  and  on  the  left  of 
the  Lightning  Cre«'k,  starts  this  Ravine,  running 
S.W.  to  X.?vE.,  taking  its  rise  from  one  of  the  rami- 
fications of  1^'ild  ^fountriin,  Avhich  divides  the  Light- 
ning and  Swift  Rivor.  This  Ravine  has  given  an 
extraordinary  amount  of  gold  to  five  or  six  compa- 
nies ;  and  immense  discoveries  were  made  at  the  up- 
per part  of  its  Forks  during  the  latter  part  of  Sep- 
tember, ISOl,  but  too  late  to  be  worked  that  season. 


I' 


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Creek,  tlio 

nine  miles, 

'ormer,  and 

lalf  a  mile 

direction. 

len  it  ter- 

itself  into 

)art  of  Au- 

■auon  was, 

from  nine 

hese  claims 

ing  mostly 

Canon  the 

and  aban- 

T  many  of 

I  be  worked 

great  many 

luon  to  the 


L  the  left  of 
ne,  rnnning 
af  the  rami- 
?  the  Ligbt- 
as  «]riven  an 
six  compa- 
e  at  the  np- 
part  of  Sep- 
tbat  season. 


\6 


LAST   CHANCE   OLLCH. 


Following  the  Liglitni.ig  4  miles  below  is  this 
Oulcli,  taking  its  rise  from  the  same  monntain  and 
rnnnins:  in  the  same  direction  as  Van  AVinkle.  It  is 
not  large  bnt  has  amply  paid  the  miners. 


v'o 


I'ETEIISOX  S   CREEK. 

Following  the  course  of  the  Lightning  15  miles  on 
the  same  side  as  Last  Chance  Gnlch  is  this  Creek, 
which  has  been  but  slightly  prospected. 

CHESEM   CREEK. 

Starting  from  the  Canon  and  following  the  right 
bank  9  or  10  miles  is  this  Creek,  taking  its  source 
op])Osite  to  Nelson's,  running  therefrom  from  the 
X.N.E.  to  the  S.SAV.  This  Cret'k  is  the  most  crook- 
ed of  all.  Is  worked  by  several  companies :  by  a 
French  one  at  the  head  of  the  creek.  A  number  of 
mining  works  are  being  carried  on,  yielding  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  gold  to  pay  all  miners  having 
claims  there. 

DAVIS   CREEK. 

Following  again  tin;  Lightning  .3  or  4  miles  is  this 
(^rcek,  running  from  the  same  mountain  and  in  same 
direction.  Tliis  Crct'k  lias  paid  well,  and  late  in  the 
season  deep  paying  claims  have  bei-n  disc<»ver«d  near 
its  mouth. 


I 


Followmir  the  course  of  the  Lijrhtninir,  after  hav- 
Jiiir  crnssiMl  several   small   stre.uns  «»n  the  riirht  hand 


10' 


>^ 


i    .: 


«      ':: 


•  ■ 


«!l 


■t 
■i 

T 

k 


oi3e — ^bnt  "wlncli  liavc  not  been  proppocfecl — arc  a 
suceseioii  of  marshes,  lakop,  and  low  lands  extending 
to  the  left  bank,  and  to  the  right  of  Lightning  to  the 
end  of  the  chain  of  hills  which  border  it,  till  the 
Lightning  abniptly  forks  off  to  the  S.AV.  and  S.S.W. 
to  a  flat  solid  ground  and  empties  itself  into  the  Fra- 
zer. 

SWIFT    RIVER. 

Retunnng  to  Bald  Moinitain  at  the  head  of  Wil- 
liams, Jack  Club  and  Lightning  Creeks  and  looking 
towards  the  West,  immediately  at  the  foot  of  the 
mountain  is  the  soiu'ce  of  this  river,  which  runs 
through  the  valley  in  a  W.X.AV.  general  direction, 
until  it  looses  itself  in  the  flat  ground  bordering  the 
Frazer  river.  At  this  place,  all  the  mountains  and 
hills  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Frazer  running  N. 
and  W.,  are  to  be  seen  during  the  month  of  August. 

SWAMP   RIVER. 

Starting  from  the  camp  of  Antler  and  proceeding 
to  the  nortli,  following  Grouse  Cr«*ek  down  to  the 
marshes,  swamps  and  lakes  in  wliich  the  waters  of 
the  Antler,  William,  Lilouette,  Jack  Club,  Xelson 
and  some  other  western  streams  empty  themselves 
into,  and  through  which  runs  a  rapid  cuiTent  caused 
by  the  waters  (tf  those  streams,  is  Swamp  River. 

WILLOW    CREEK. 

Swamp  River  pnssiug  through  a  narrow  channel,  a 
little  below  the  mouth  of  Nelson's  Creek,  is  called 


t 


% 


Jkri 


--•^   -•  -«•«• 


feci — are  a 
1  extonding 
iiing  to  tlio 
it,  till  the 
md  S.S.AV. 
to  the  Fra- 


ad  of  Wil- 
iid  looking 
foot  of  the 
rhich  runs 
I  direction, 
rdering  the 
ntains  and 
running  N. 
i  August. 


"Willow  Creek  on  account  of  the  largo  quantities  of 
■willows  growing  on  its  borders,  runs  for  20  to  25 
miles,  where  it  looses  that  name  and  is  called 

CAXION   (REEK, 

On  account  of  its  b<'iiig  encasi'd  in  hcd-rock,  until  it 
empties  itself  Into  the  Frazer,  helow  Fort  George. 
Neither  Swift  Rivt-r  or  Willow  Creek  have  heen 
prospected,  hut  from  the  nature  of  the  ground  in 
AVillow  Creek  there  is  every  indication  that  gold 
abounds  there. 


I.  •J^•x«:|i   .  *^  1  I 
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Ilaviii"'  now  jriveii  the  miner  an  idea  of  the  roads 
and  lakes  he  will  liave  to  travel  Ixfore  reaching  Ant- 
ler, a  few  remarks,  in  as  concise  a  ft^mi  as.  possible, 
will  materially  aid  liim  in  arriving  at  a  conclusion 
of  whether  he  will  go  or  not  :  and  in  drawing  that 
conclusion,  let  iiim  do  so  cslmly  ;  viewing,  the  hard- 
ships he  has  to  undergo — the  climate,  in  its  most 
severe  aspect — the  outlay  necessary  to  enable  him  to 
go  and  return  in  case  qfjailurc — Avhich  ought  not  to 
he  less  than  S300,  and  that  used  with  great  care  : 
and  weighing  those  things  together,  see  whether  the 
probable  amount  of  gold  to  be  earned  by  him  in  tho 
few  short  working  months,  will  more  than  compensate 
for  such  hardships,  climale  and  outlay  ;  and  will  the 
claim,  if  a  fortunate  one,  be  sufficient  to  support  him 
in  affluence  until  the  following  year,  when  he  can 
acrain  commence  his  labors  :  for  it  must  be  borne  in 
mind,  it  is  not  generally  the  first  year  that  produces 
the  greatest  results — it  is  the  second  and  third  after 
having  opened  the  claim. 

No  doubt  th(^  working  of  the  Caribooo  !Mines  on  .a 
larse  scale  will,  for  two  or  thn^e  rears,  be  att«Mided 
with  difficulties  :   havin":  to  contend   airainst  the  cli- 


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19 

mate,  the  hrief  space  of  time  to  work  them — for 
rirely  can  miners  start  their  preparations  for  working 
before  the  end  of  July,  which  is  after  the  melting  of 
the  snow,  and  which  even  then  depends  on  the  rise 
or  fall  of  the  Avater. 

The  working  of  these  mines  terminated  on  the 
27th  of  October  in  ISCO,  and  on  the  5th  of  October 
inlSei. 

Another  drawback,  is  the  bad  conditon  of  roads, 
and  facilities  of  internal  communication  for  the  car- 
riage of  provisions  and  necessary  materials  for  caiT^''- 
ing  of  operations :  this  -Nvill  no  doubt  be  remedied 
within  two  j'ears,  as  His  Excellency  Govenor  Dou- 
glas:, through  his  CommisJsiouer  of  Lands  and  Works' 
on  the  29th  of  October,  ISGl,  invited  tenders  for  the 
construction  of  a  mule  and  wagon  road  info  and 
tlirough  the  Cariboo  mines,  on  most  advantageous 
tenns  to  capitalists  or  others  ;  ofiering  the  "ruarantee 
of  the  Govetnment  for  payment  according  to  the  con- 
tract given  out. 

The  climate  of  Cariboo  during  the  miners  sojourn 
there,  is  not  so  disngrcable  as  many  would  suppose. 
October  ends  the  ininir's  labor.  Snow  falls  in  abund- 
ance till  Xoveri^.ber,  "when  there  are  sjiells  of  fine 
Aveather;  but  after  and  till  Ajuil,  there  is  continued 
jjuow  and  dry  cold.  In  Ma}"  tlie  snow  begins  to 
in<'lt ;  towards  the  eJid  of  Jr.no  it  is  at  its  full,  until 
Julv  Wiien  the  waters  be^in  to  decrease  :  at  Avhich 
time,  it  iIk;  mijier  is  pn'pnred,  he  cnn  coiPimence  his 
operations. 


?:»:>? 
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w|iiiiiwiimwi.miun>  i  .j^giajujwjvjaiPMiiVJ  mm-  m  u  nw  liwuiu :  wjwi 


.  J  J!:-' ■'•^rr■■^. 


MHiftlWilftT^MIiiitrtrttKii 


(MOttMMlMiMU 


•rriT^mnrifia.tf';^.. 


20 


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t.fi 


v< 


It  has  IxM'n  nsscrtod  l>y  some  miners,  that  the 
miiU'S  can  hv  worknl  fooiht,  ami  tin-  explanation  of 
it  is  :  tlu'  miner  on  arrivinj;  scanhes  fur  a  claim  and 
having  nelcctcd  one,  conmiences  sawing  the  lumber 
for  his  flume  ;  having  succ«<le«l  in  this,  and  hy  the 
time  everything  is  in  readines  to  open  the  claim — 
flumes,  pumps,  sluic»*s,  &c. — f/tc  season  is  over.  The 
flumes,  in  g«Mieral,  are  from  7  to  0  fei't  wide  and  100 
feet,  at  least,  in  length  and  1  foot  to  18  inches  deep. 
The  mint'r  has  thru  to  wait  until  the  following  sea- 
son, which  certainly  would  then  allow  him  to  com- 
mence sooner.  If,  on  the  contrary,  he  has  only 
found  a  claim  at  the  ('ud  of  the  season,  then  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  would  conunence  sawing  his  lumber 
on  the  snow,  in  the  month  of  Ajnnl,  and  have  all 
materials  ready  to  work  his  claim  immediately  the 
Avaters  allowed,  which  in  such  a  case  would  give  him 
considerable  advantages  over  those  who  had  no 
claim. 

The  depth  of  snow  is  from  G  to  23  feet ;  at  Antler 
from  6  to  8,  and  can  be  travelled  on  snow-shoes. 
Marks  of  the  trail  on  the  trees  have  been  made 
as  in  California. 

The  prices,  last  season,  at  Antler,  of  various  ar- 
ticles, provisions  and  other  things  were  as  follows  : 
Flour,  ^')G  per  100  pounds,  in  sunnner :  Sugar,  SI  : 
Cofii'e,  Si  :  Tjcans,  i>0  cents  j»er  jiound  :  Tiacon  from 
00  cents  to  SI  20  per  pound.  Xo  Potatoes  had  ar- 
rived of  any  consequence.  Turnijis,  lo  cents  per 
pound  :  Fresh  Bt-ef,  10  and  4o  cents,  and  lat(?  iu  the 


.4^ , 


^ 


tliat    the 
anal  ion  of 
flaiin  and 
•e  lunibor 
>»«!  hy  the 
I'  claim — 
rcr.    Tlu. 
«'  and  100 
:1h*s  deep, 
•wing  Rca. 
in  to  conr 
has    only 
n  the  fol- 
lis  lumber 
have  all 
lately  the 
1  give  him 
•  had    no 

at  Antler 
OAv-shoes. 
en  made 

rious  ar- 
follows  : 
'gar,  -SI  : 
con  from 
8  had  ar- 
ents  i)er 
te  iu  the 


21 

seatJon  '2'>  cents  per  jiound,  owing  to  an  opposition 
tihop:  J?i)irit.<,  from  SIO  to  SIS  per  gallon,  29  to  30 
drgrees  above  proof:  "Mining  PoM'der,  $1  per  pound  : 
Xails  6:1  i)er  pound  :  Salt  $1  per  pound  :  Soap,  $1  50 
j)t'r  pound  :  IJice,  7-i>  cents  per  pound  :  Blankets,  Xo. 
4,  S'i'')  to  SIO  j)er  pair  (buy  at  Victoria  for  $11): 
CaiH^h's,  n2  '2o  per  pound  :  Whip  Saws,  from  640  to 
$75  ;  no  cross-cut  Saws,  but  will  be  this  season,  price 
unknown  :  India-rubber  Boots,  long  legged,  from  S18 
to  $22. 

Below^  this,  potatoes,  cabbages,  tomatoes  and  sallad 
of  every  descrijition  are  found,  especially  on  the  road, 
at  Beaver  Lake,  AVilliams'  Lake,  Deep  Creek,  and 
Dog  Creek — grown  by  white  men  and  Indians  in 
large  quantities,  and  from  which  Antler  will  be  con- 
stantly supplied  as  soon  as  the  roads  are  open. 

There  is  any  amount  of  spruce  in  the  Cariboo 
mines^^witli  which  the  miner  can  protect  himself 
from  scuVvy. 

The  miner  should  take  with  him  one  or  two  pair 
of  blue  or  green  spectacles,  to  protect  his  eyes  from 
the  snow  ;  should  he  be  unfortunate  enough  to  lose 
or  l)rt'ak  them,  all  he  has  to  do  is  to  apply  wet  gun- 
poM'der  on  the  outer  lid  and  surrounding  the  eye, 
■  Inch  will  have  the  desired  effect. 

The  time  occupied  iu  goi)ig  from  San  Francisco 
to  Antler  averages  25  days;  or  from  Victoria,  about 
500  miles,  15  to  17  days,  at  an  outlay  of  $75.  The 
living  on  board  the   steamers  from  Victoria,  and  on 


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tli<?  road  a?  fjir  as  Williams'  Laki'  avi-ragt'S  $1  por 
meal — from  flicrt-  to  Kitlaitli,  $1.3  p«'r  meal,  ami  from 
tlR-rc  to  Antler,  s'2  per  meal,  coiisistin«]j  of  j^ood  ba- 
con, licans,  fresh  lieef  and  Im-ad,  at  all  portages. 

There  i.s  not  as  yet  any  acfommodations  for  pas- 
senLr«'rs  o\\  ihi*  road  ;  the  iiiijiers  sh.ep  on  the  floor 
fri*e  of  eharir«'  at  all  stations. 

Having  given  thir?  liimdi  information  ahout  the 
road  and  the  mines,  and  Avhieh  has  been  procured 
from  oflicial  and  other  reliable  f^onrces,  more  particu- 
larly from  actual  e\')]orer.<,  ?/7/o  arc  aaniii  ahout  to 
rrtu/)) — is  there  then  a  jn-obability  of  tlu^  miner's 
obtaining  pullicient  gold  to  •warrant  him  in  going 
there  ?  This  can  oiilv  be  arrived  at  from  known  re- 
sultji,  and  if  it  be  true — and  there  is  no  reason  to 
doubt  it — that  enormous  sums  of  gold  have  arrived 
from  Carihoo  to  San  Francisco,  and  in  the  hands  of 
such  reliable  men  a?  Abbott  &.  Co.  and  Steide  6c  Co., 
and  others,  and  who  oidy  worked  their  claiiiis  this 
last  season  for  the  space  of  2j  months,  and  innu- 
merable others  who  V.  ill  not  make  known  their  gains, 
(but  who,  had  th'.y  not  been  satisfied,  would  soon 
make  that  known,)  and  all  of  whom  are  about  return- 
ing,— this  alone  is,  one  woiild  suppose,  snftleient  to 
warrant  the  mi;:er  in  proceeding  there  this  Spring. 
And  should  he  do  so,  and  take  a  claim,'(one  only  can 
be  pve-empted)  o(^  100  fc.'t  square,  the  miui'r  has  to 
pay  a  licen^■<'  of  n.j  per  year,  from  date,  and  an  extra 
charge  of  •>'!  f-r  n  cording,  v. Inch  eii:.bhs  hiin  to 
m.iiutiii'.i  the  litle    to   llu'  cl  .iiii;  iind  granted  alike  to 


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23 

British  sulijrc'ts  nixl  nru'iis.  Tlio  porsonnl  Pcciirity 
an<l  ti*aiK|nilitj'  >vhii-li  lie  will  onjoy  will  at  onco 
8triki'  him  as  foiitrastiug  favorahly  with  ixwy  otlicr 
niiiR'S.  If  claims  arc  invadctl,  rightP  usiiriicd,  wrong 
or  criiiu!  commillcd,  rithor  hy  rich  or  poor — ri'drcss 
for  wrung,  puuishim-nt  for  crime,  ami  justice  are 
sprcdily  and  with  iiiurriiig ivcf it udo  dealt  alike  to  all. 

'J'he  Honorable  Mr.  Justice  Begby  went  through 
the  mines  three  times  last  s  eason,  and  held  court 
twici*  for  civil  and  criminal  business. 

The  mining  laws  can  be  obtained  in  Victoria  and 
are  easily  understood. 

Aud  now  I'lv  parting,  a  word  to  the  Geologist.  If 
he  proceeds  to  Bald  Mountain,  looking  north  he  will 
see  immense  plains  and  low  lands  of  alluvial  soil, 
originally  composed  of  a  great  number  of  small  lakes 
Avjiieh  successively  finding  an  outlet,  have  left  on  the 
side  those  enormous  banks  of  gravel  boulders,  be- 
longing to  every  formation  of  marie  stoue;  sand- 
stone ;  detritus ;  schists ;  porphyry ;  marble  and 
granite  of  all  colors;  geodes ;  quartz  and  quartzitoB 
wliite  and  milky,  and  in  crystaline  masses,  and  it 
will  at  once  strike  him  that  those  masses  an-  not  the 
cause  of  any  volcanic  eruption,  but  have  been  left, 
in  their  present  state  by  the  rapidly  receding  waters 
of  that  part  as  will  as  at  the  North  Pole  aud  there- 
fore the  gradual  accumulation  of  tliem  at  the  South 
Pole.  Here  may  he  !<tand  reflecting  on  the  past  and 
present,  aud  from  them  gather  some  vague  idea  of  the 
future — Ih'iv'  he  can  breathe  the  pure  mountain  air — 


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24 

here  "vvill  lie  foi'l  in  full  Bway  the  greatest  of  God's 
gifts — freedom  of  thought  and  liherty.  Far  away 
from  friends  and  home  ;  .alone  in  mountain  solitude, 
how  forcibly  will  the  lines  of  the  Poet  recur  to  his 
mind : — 

"  Go  seek  earth's  loftiest  heights — ocean's  deepest  cares  : 
Go  were  the  sea  snake  and  the  eagle  d\rell : 
Midst  mighty  elements  -where  nature  is  and  man  is  not. 
There  may  you  see  afar,  impalpable  as  is  the  rainbow  on  the 

cloud 
That  glorious  vision— LIBERTY  I  " 


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CALIFORNIA 


STEAM  NAVmATION 


Organized MarcUl,  ISSL-Capltnl  Stock  $2,500,000. 


Tb.-  following  arc  tlio  OFFICERS  for  llio  Ytars  lSCl-lKf)2  •.—rre.ffdent 
JAS.  WHITNEY.  Jr.;  Vicr-rrrsid.vf.  KICHD.  M.  .lESSl'P:  firrrUtry 
WILLIAM  N0HlMS;7>i>.'/'.r.v.SAML.  J.  IIEXSLEY.  .TAME?  WHIT- 
NEY. Jr.,  ALFRED  REDINGTON.  E.Y.  JOICE.  WILLIAM  XORUIS, 
R.  M.  JESSUP.  B.  M.  UARTSHORNE  JOllX  REXSLEY,  and  F.  F. 
LOW.  AgcntH  S.acranuiito.  ALFRED  REDIXCSTON  and  WILLIAM  H. 
TAYLOR;  -Vrtrir.sit7/e,llEXRY  GILMAX;  Ittd  liUiff,  JAS.  S.  JOHN- 
STOX ;   Stockton,  J.  S.  PRATT. 


Departure  from  Broadway  "Wharf, 


Carrying  the  U.  S.  5IAILS, 


Cftpt.  E.  C.  M.  Chadwick. 
Capt.  E.  A.  Poole. 


Steamer  CHRYSOPOLIS 
Steamer  ANTELOPE 
Steamer  ECLIPSE 

Steamer  NEW  WORLD        .... 

Steamer  HELEN  HENSLEY     .        .         Capt.  E.  Z.  Cuabk. 

Steamer  J.  BRAGDON    .         .        .         Caj.t.  E.  B.  MOSBY. 

Steamer  CORNELIA  .        .        .         Capt.  E.  Coxklin. 

One  of  the  above  Steamers  will  leave 

Every  Day,  at  Four  o'clock,  P.  M. 

(SCXlJATS   excepted)  fof 

SACRAMENTO   8l  STOCKTON 

Connecting  with  tlio  liglit  draught  Steamers  for 

MARYSVILLE,  COLUSA  AND  RED  BLUFF. 


jK^For  farther  particulars  ai.plj-  at  the  Office  of  the  Company-. 

N.E.  Corner  JACKSON  &  FRONT  Sts., 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 
JAS.  AVJIITNEY,  Jr.,  President* 


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AXTI-Rlir/C.MATIC    CORDIAL    AXD    IIRALTH 


Ip tlic  most  viihi:il>1<'  :»Ti<l  luisurpjifised  reinotly  for  R1io»iiuati!>m  nnd  Oou  t 
tobe  fouTi.l  in  tlie  w.irM  or  kiniwn  at  iirosciit.  Tlie  discovcrtT  of  the 
iibove  nio<]eciiKM*l;iiiiisitri  iiifalliliility  in  all  rii?<s  i>f  I{ln'iiniatisni  and 
Gout — wlien  us«-ilacrf>r<lin^  to  illrcctidn — anil  diwHuflVr  a  rcwari'  of  five 
Ibonsanddollari- tr»any  inc'iU'cino*  that  doc-"  (-iijiercc'lr  it.  and  is  entirely 
ve;:..'taldc.  'Tho  Di'ctur  is  onalded  totiffcrlhcalnivo  reward  on  acronnt  of 
liir-liavih);  used  tin-  aliovi-  niede»'inc  fitr  ten  year'*  in  bis  iiraetiee.  and  ha8 
never  kn>i\vn  it  to  fail  in  tlie  cure  of  t  be  most  protrietedea^es.if  Rbeiinia- 
ti^^niandtJont.ainl  \vitli>ti>od  all  known  reiuedie/^to  the  i)nitression. 

Doctor  Adol|ilins  i>  known  and  rightly  relebratid  throu^ibont  tlie  State, 
for  liis euro-;  in  IMieninatisniOout  and  Chronic  Disea-oH,  and  ha*  only,  to 
the  continued  ami  nr^rent  eflortnofhis  jiatients.  and  through  the  desire 
to  belj)  those  w  ho  an-  ni  )t  enabled  to  see  bini  jiersi  mally,  or  to  Pjund  a  for- 
t)ine  topet  rid  ofthe  disease,  which  they  liavocoiitraeted  in  the  jiursuit 
ofilivirdaily  aviK-ation:  only  this  has  been  able  to  jiersuadc  the  Di>ctor 
tO};ive  tbealMHemedirine  to  the  iiublic.  and  at  such  terms  that  every  Buf- 
fering one  should  be  able  to  reap  its  benotits. 

Asa  Health  Ro-t«.rat  ive  its  value  stipercede*  all  the  mineral  wealth  and 
riches  of  California.  Ai-d  i<creatinga  revolution  in  the  whole  treatment 
wf  dit^ease  tliroui;lioi:t  the  world. 

In  secondary  and  tertiary  Syjdiilis  Scrofula,  enlarjrement  of  the 
(■lands.  Dropsy,  and  all  Nervou-i  and  Cutaneo^sDi^^•a•;es,  and  the  whole 
train  of  Chronic  I>isia«-e«.  which  wiili-tandand  baffle  the -^kill  of  the  nuwt 
excellent  and  le:trned  I'hysiciau  in  the  world:  in  Chronic  Diseases  whose 
very  jianie  is  terror  as  well  to  the  phy^ician  as  to  the  ]>ntient,  this  med- 
icine has  jiroveii  to  be  ^IlJterio^  toa'iy  in  exi-tenee.  and  bam-urcd  them 
in  H)short  a  linie.tl.'at  tin  y  apjieared  like  been  aboli^hi-d  by  ma;:ic  in- 
fluence, and  in  ft<f  a  fi'W  Mich  di.-roveries.  and  druu^rists  will  not  need  to 
ke<'pa  lot  o^u^eb■^■s  niedii'ines  on  hanci.  wlieiiever  they  are  prescribed 
once  in  a  ten  sci.re.  they  bave  lo<t  throu::h  time  their  projitrties  in  which 
their  value  did  re^ille  ifthere  wa-*  ai  lually  any  in  them. 

Take  this  jiir'<]ieine  v.lien  your  i^_  '-tiveorjrans  aredi^o^dered  and  your 
IiKhhI  is  i;npure:  i!  wiil  .-tirely  act  on  y-air  biiwels. 

Takethi-iniediiire  v.h<  ti  Viuh  tve  acobl.  and  it  will  make  voui)ersj»ire 
freely. 

Take  this  medirine  wh'-n  your  u;  inn,  "v  .'uiil  nb-()r!i!!ijr  orfrauB  are  dis- 
ordered and  it  wilt  a  I  on  y..iir  kidne>': — it  penetrates  every  jiirt  ofyour 
body,  '•eirchcs  evi-n  tbe  nio.-;  n-\\\  .te  and  ^.t  >-et  rive-^-es  ofyour  system, 
and  ■  -m'-ves  t!ii^  di->;!>e  lo.-at'd  ilu  r< — it  r.  stoi\-i  be  iltliy  actim  .ind 
>:ivi  -i  :iiietoev.-ry  o:'La:i  in  the  bum:ut  b  p.ly — ilie.-ei'ore  \X  ha-  riirhtou-ly 
de-      »edtl>e  naive  i1  I  car.-;   HkIHi  Hi'-I'.r.itix  . 

file  I).K  lor  who  is  a.lver»e  to  all  Jiatellt  Ilje.iicine  V.i-lii--  it  tobe  UDiler- 

stiM-il  that  iheab  ivn  nieiiciiie  is  !io.-'k)i  iliin:j.  but  tliat  he  has  through 
tlie  iniroliiction  Ottilia  ni"iiciiie  wilb  it»  tieaii-eand  dirc-ti'ii  for  u<e, 
laaileeveiy  suire.'ertoie  hi-<i\vii  jdiysiriaii  in  the  ai>ove  named  diseases. 

Tltinkiii;rit  under  my  di  rioty  to  f^lbiw  tbe  nii-de  of  ijua.  k-  by  append- 
in  l'  certlli'Mte«olpb.v-iri:i  Its  or  private  pi;-'i|i-  wbi.-h  i-  too  well  known 
can  be  b;;.'.  fTCerta  II  ie:niiiii.'.iii;i«    t-pplic  .iliou  >f  fri<  irl*.  ••;•  by    llie 


.:^'n^ 


!«  ~ 


Id 

It 

e 

e 
t 

•e 

1- 

II 

1- 

(> 
I 

h 


mcHle  of  boring  a  man  lialf  to  death,  for  even  tlie  moot  tvortbless  trash,  j 
will  tlurefore  lo.iv*'  it  to  tlioni  in  want  of  niotlocine  to  enquire i>er«onally 
of  men  that  have  Ix'on  eiiredh.v  inymedicinojiofthe  aKive  dieseasesand 
who  can  he  found  in  alnioiit  every  city  and  village  throu;;hout  the  State. 
I  "onriidersuch  jiersonal  conviction  far  HUiH-rior  to  certificates  of  iteroons 
that  are  far  from  hein^  kn»>wn  to  them  in  want  of  medical  aid. 

Bnt  should  any  one  care  for  writen  testimonials  or  certificates  repard- 
iu);  the  cureH  ]ierfornied  liy  this  mt-dicine  they  might  call  at  my  office, 
and  I  will  i>huw  them  certifieati-s  of  true  merit,  which  have  lK»en  sent  to 
me  voluiitarilj,  without  ajiplyiug  for  them,  or  by  boring  individuals  to 
get  them. 

To  satisfy  the  moiSt  pcni)mlous  of  men.  also  as  a  guarantee  to  those 
that  have  not  had  theo|i)iortunity  of  knowing  the  Doctor  by  rej>utation 
or  i>ersonally.  I  :i]i)i('iid  tin- certificate  niideroath  ofoncof  tlu'  most  cele- 
brated analytioal  dieinist  »)f  the  I'liited  States,  that  there  are  no  miner- 
al-* nor  jioisons  contained  ill  this  medicine,  although  it  is  a  |hiwerful  med- 
icine ami  has  a  very  stntng  action  on  the  human  pystem.  which  it  necess- 
earily  must  have  to  overcome  tlie  action  of  disi'a:«c  ot  buch  malignant 
character. 

Dr.  Adol]ihns  will  attend  at  his  medical  office,  Bush  street,  Indow  Mont- 
gomery, to  all  discascsof  whatever  nature,  ami  guarantees  «  cure,  where 
a  cure  is  possible  or  can  be  attained  through  skill  or  knowlf<lge. 

Patients  residing  in'the  interior  canc.msiilt  the  Dr.  by  letter  contain- 
full  descri|>tion  of  the  disease  and  its  symptoms  ;  which  will  bo  answered 
immediately  and  medicines  or  prescriptions  forwarded  to  any  point  on 
tlie  Pacific  coast  or  the  interior. 

Consultatioi  8  by  letter  free — the  Dr.  is  in  the  habit  of  attending  to 
all  letters  persttnally  therefore  the  strictest  privacy  is  guaranteed  and 
prompt  attendance  secured. 

LANG  LEY  BROTHERS. 

Agents  Victoria,  V.L 


HARVEY   HARRIS  Sl  CO., 

mmn  w  gold  and  orbs 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

No.  509  Pacramcuto  .^t.,  San  Francisco. 
!Xo.  7.'<  J  Street,  Sacramento. 

Xo.  27.  E  Street,  Marysvnie. 

Esmeralda,  Aurora  City. 

Advances  made  on  Gold  Dust. 

RETURNS  [YIADE.  IN  BARS  OR  COIN.IN  SIX  HOURS. 

*2'~"Th(y  wonM  resiMctfnlly  SMliritfroni  the  Miners  and  Dealers, their 
li.iUotiaL'c.  As  voinhirs  lor  their  assays,  they  refer,  with  Permission, 
toilie  I'ollowing  H;iiikers.  who.  for  the  la>t  four  years,  have  ffhijiped  Bars 
a-^aved  by  ilieiii  to  the  Ka.<tein  States  and  Eiirojie. 

15.  D.ividson.  Ksf]..  Messrs.  J.  Parrott  k  Co., 

Messrs.  Sal  her  &  Church,  -       Tallaut  *  Wilde. 

C.  I..  FAIUIIXCJTOX,  CAsniKn,  San  Francisco  Office. 


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JOSEPH  BROTHERS, 

ESXABLrSIIED    1&30. 


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6a¥  MQJ3.rGQMEB,Y  STREET, 

Between  Clay  and  Merchani, 


MANUFACTORY,  32  SOUTH  CASTLE  STREET, 

LIVERrOOL,  ENGL^VND. 


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MAP  &  GUIDE 


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BRITISH    COLUMBIA. 


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DR.  L.  J.  CZAPKAY'S 


MEDICAL  m  SURGICAL 


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rs  ^J7 1 T  U  ^J?  E  • 


Sacramento  St.,  below  Montgomery, 

Opjiositc  the  P,  M.  S.  C.  Office,  Sao  Franoiseo. 

Estaltlislied  iu  1S51.  for  the  Pcriiiancul  Cure  of  all  Private  and 
Chriiuic  Diseases,  pixl  for  the  Siii>i»rc.««iou  of  Quackery. 

Atteniling  aii.l  Risi.lnit  rh\bk'i:in— L.    J.  CZAPKAY,   31.  D. 

l^itf  in  llic  Iliiii^ariiin  Rov..lnti»ii.iry  War.  Cliicf  rii>>iriau  to  thi*  25th 

Rt.of  IIi.i)V«'.Js.  chiff  Siirj-'i-'ii  of  il;»-  Military  llo-iiiial  at  PcKtli, 

lluiitrary. latfLictiiriT  i>n  Pi-^-ani-i  of  ^JiiiitoUrinary 

Org-.nis.  ami  DiM-a.-v.-jof  AVi'iupii  aii«l  cliihln'n, 

ami  UiiiKirary  iiKUilH-r  of  i!ie  I'iiilH- 

•leljiliia  coilv^c  of  M.'«ticiu«',  Etc, 


^if^Partic  i!;ir  atioiition  ]>:M  to  tlic  trcitiueui  of  <iiscH.»es  )ic- 
culi;:r  to  V.','ia?n  nvA  ChiUlren* 

Office  Hours  — From  9  A.  M.  to  9  P»  M. 


ig:tV,Coijpiiilfati<>u.s^friciIy  c mH-li  iit:.!l.  rorsnain  iit  iuro  ^'.larnritccil  or 
ijijpay.    C»'n>ni;;tti.iii3()iy  l<tuT  ir •itinrwlri)  fn-o.    AtMrcsi 

Oil.  I^.  .1.  CZAPKAY,  Snji  Fr.-incl«c<»« 


Or  l"«-:il  wiMkn-  r^.  IP  rv(!i<iiv!  iiity.  '..w  -jiirit-'.  1  n-itinl.-.  wcakiu^,- of 
the  liIl!ll^  an'i  li.i,-k.  iii.lis|Misi:='«ii  :iii-S  ii'i-.i|  .iMIiiy  to  lalior  and  study, 
(liilliH'ss  of  a}>j>n'l)('!i>i')n.  lo^s  >';";ii.-iii  ^ry.  a-.i  i-.-i..ii  ti>  MK-ii'fy,lovc  ufsoji- 
»'.id('.  tiuiiility. -^clf-ili-tri^t.  di/;'."i;<-'.lit  i.l-m-'ii. ,  ii.-.ins  in  tlic  siilo.  a(r<«o- 
tiiii!si>r  iln-<>yt's.  jtisnjik' ioii  tiii'f iri .  .-<  v'lnl  ori'tiicrinl^rniitii-s  in  man. 
ar>'(ur<il  liy  ilii  ju>i!y  i-.'%1i;  li.  1  I'l;-. -i  •■ri!)  :i!id  ?iir.'::<'on.  DR.  L.  .1. 
r/.AI'KAY.  Hi-  !inl!:"<l  ofvrr^iiL'  di  •a-'-'i-  Jitv,  (iinkiiown  to  «it1itrb) 
uiid  ItfiKi'tlii-  ;rroit -nocc-^.    A  ;dr»'-^» 

U   .1.    C/APKAY.  M.  P» 

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VULCAN  IRON  WOR] 

p.  TOR CiUKT,— Manager. 

STEAM  EMilNB  BlilLB 

BOILER  MAKERS,  IRON  FOUNDERS  AND  GENERAI 

137  &  139  FIRST  STRE 

FAX   FRANCISCO. 

Steainljoat  Machinery  huilt  anil  TC]iaireJ  ;  also,  I 
Quitriz  Mills,  Pinnj'ing  au<.l  Mining  Machii 

'^a^  Sole  builders  in  California  of  JONVAL 


ST.  FRANCIS  ho: 

Corner    of  CLAY    and    Dl 

RAX  rnAxcisco. 

A.  MATIIIKU  -  -  -  PROPRIET 

This  Ilotfl  bo  WL'll  known  throughout  the  PtsI 
Ix'^t  accouinuKliitions  for  travellers  and  fi 


— o- 


A  FREXCII  RESTAUR AN1 

Uniler  the  SHi)crinfcn(lancc  of  a  first  class  cool 

the  Hotel: 


G.  I.  WIGHT  &  F.  TRU] 

5-29  CI.AY   STREET 

S.   W.    Corito-  itf   Cl'ii)  and  Lci'thilorff  t'trecta, 

Bui-incss  tran.«actcil  in  English,  French,  I 
and  Italian. 

Thfv  take  charge  of  the  buying  and  selling  of 
Iccting  routs,  and  the  transaction  of  all  Legal  a 
business. 


T    i 


I 


RON  WORKS  C 


\ 


ClUKT,— Manager. 

mm  BlilLDERS, ' 

OUNDERS  AND  GENERAL  ENGINEER 

riRST  STREET, 

X    IRAXCISCO.    .  i 

i 

ilt  and  rc]i;iireJ  ;  also,  Saw,  Flour  ii 
ing  auJ  Mining  Miichinerj,  etc.    ' 

ralifornia  of  JONVAL'S  Turbine^ 


NCIS  HOTEL, 

AY    and    DUPONl 

IN  rnANCisco. 

U PROPRIETOR. 

I 
n  throughout  the  Plate,  possess    \i 
ons  for  travellers  and  families.        I 


-o- 


CIl  RESTAURANT 

;e  of  a  first  claps  cook  is  aitnched 
the  Hotel: 


[T  &  F.  TRUETTE, 

:i.AY   STREET  j 

turf  Lfkhdorff  t-trectn,  San  FrancUv 

d  in  English,  French,  Spanish  i 

and  Italian. 


J  buying  and  selling  of  Property,  Co 
asactiou  of  all  Legal  and  Commerci^ 


\ 


««»«•  *«*    Vir^MMS^WikAlii'' 


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ga5?«J8giw^iltuji8fciuiritt<ij6^a*at&,nfcjM»wi  i  w.  * 


,..,». 


Pery,   J»H. 
S.P..   1662, 


Map   oncl  aulde   to  tl: 


,acl  aulde    to  the   cariboo  Ciolc.  Mines  .  .  . 


•TJ^ 


1. 

i 

4 


^      ♦ 


M_fBaiiU_MaU 


m  iiii  II  f  1 


3. p.,    1662. 


mmnfrmsTWPffmF^uLii  wiiiuH . . . 


1^ 


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